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Recent ArticlesjrefrmvlrsdK;rsm; jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ynmoifMum;NyD; t&G,fa&mufvmaomtcg EdkifiH&yfjcm;odkUoGm;a&muf tvkyfvkyfudkifMuonf/ xdkrSwqifh oufqdkif&m EdkifiHom;tjzpfodkU ul;ajymif;oGm;Muonf/ xdkodkYul;ajymif;MuonfrSm taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;aMumifh jrefrmEdkifiHom;tjzpfrS pGefUvGwfcg wjcm;EdkifiHom;tjzpfodkY ul;ajymif;oGm;Muaomfvnf; jrefrmvlrsdK; (Arm &cdkif &Srf; ucsif u&if csif; ponfh wdkif;&if;om;tm;vkH; ) onf jrefrmEdkifiHudk cspfjrwfEdk;wG,fwmaeaom pdwfrSm jrefrmEdkifiHwGif aexdkifaeaomolrsm;uJhodkU ravsmhaompdwf tjynfh&SdaeonfrSm ar;cGef;xkwfp&myifrvdktyfyg/
odkUygaomfvnf; jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;ü&Sdaom jrefrmtpdk;&vlMuD;rsm; xdktpdk;&tzGJU0ifrsm;udk tcGifhta&;&&Sd&ef zm;aeolrsm;? jrefrmtvif;owif;pmwGif rdrdtcGifhta&;&&ef jrefrmEdkifiHom;tjzpfrS pGefUvGwfoGm;olrsm;udk vdkufvHtjypfzdkU ajymqdkaeonfrsm;udk awGU&Sd&í tvGeftifrwef pdwfraumif;jzpfrdygonf/ xdkodkU jrefrmEdkifiHom;pGefUvGwfoGm;olrsm;udk vdkufvH tjypfajymaernfhtpm; bmaMumifh EdkifiHom;tjzpfodkU pGefUvGwfoGm;MuwmvJqdkwJh t&if;tjrpfudk &SmazGum aemufxyf jrefrmEdkifiHom;tjzpf wnf&Sdaeao;aom jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;udk rpGefUvGwf&ef b,fvdkumuG,fMurvJqdkonf tcsuftvufudk rpOf;pm;MuonfhtwGufvnf; ydkíyifpdwfraumif;jzpfrdygonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; EdkifiH&yfjcm;odkU tvkyfvkyfudkifjcif;\ tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;
yxrOD;qkH; aqG;aEG;vdkonfrSm jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;&Sdaqmif;yg;a&;ol tjrifusOf;udk pGJudkifxm;olrsm;rSm jrefrmEdkifiHrS xGufcGmjyD; EdkifiH&yfjcm;wGif tvkyfvkyfudkifaeolrsm;udk tjypfzdkUajymqdkjcif;rS pwifygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHonf vuf&Sdtm;jzifh pdkufysdK;a&;udk tajccHaom EdkifiH[kqdkaomfvnf; acwfrrSDaom wdk;wufrSKr&Sdaom v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;udkom tajccHaeaom EdkifiHwpfck[kom qdk&ayrnf/ wdkif;jynftwGif;wGif pdkufysdK;a&;pepfudkwdk;wuf&eftwGuf tav;xm;avhvmaom aumif;rGefaom Research centre aumif;rGefpGm r&Sd? &SdonfokawoewGifvnf; em;vnfwwfuRrf;aomf ynm&Sifr&Sif? tcsdefwefvc&onfyJ[k wpfaeUwpfaeU vbuf&nfqdkifxdkif? csJxdk; ESpfvkH;xDxdk;aeaom oHacs;wuf ynmwwfrsm;om&Sdonf? xdktjyif EdkifiHtpdk;& wm0ef&Sdolrsm;uvnf; xdkuJhodkU enf;ynmrsm;xGef;um;&ef ajrawmufajrSmufvdkpdwf tvsif;r&Sd? xdkxdkaom taMumif;tcsufrsm;aMumifh jrefrmEdkifiHwGif v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&; xGufukefrSm tqifhrwef;rrSD EdkifiH&yfjcm;ydkUaomfvnf; wd&dpämefawmifrS auR;arG;vdkUr&aom xGufukefom &Sdonf/
xdktjyif pufrSK vufrSKwGifvnf; uRefawmfwdkUEdkifiHwGif wdk;wufaom pufrSK vufrSK tajctaer[kwf? topfwDxGifEdkifaom tajctae rajymESifh wjcm;EdkifiHrsm;rS xGufaomukefypönf;rsm;udk ykHwlul;csjyD; jyefvnfxkwf,lEdkifaom tajctaeyif aumif;aumif;r&Sday/ xdkodkU ykHwlul;csxkwfvkyfEdkifaom jynfwGif;tao;pm;vkyfief;wpfckjzpfonfh pdk;vQyfppfrS xkwfvkyfaom *sifea&wm? x&efpazmfrm? rD;pufwcsdKUudkomawGUzl;onf/
txufyguJodkU jrefrmEdkifiH\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk axmufjyaeonfrSm tjypfajymvdkír[kwfyg/ jrefrmEdkifiHom;tjzpfodkU wnf&Sdaeao;aom EdkifiHjcm;a&mufjrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;twGuf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif vkyfudkifEdkif&ef ywf0ef;usiftajctaew&yfudk zefwD;EdkifzdkU vdktyfaMumif;udk axmufjy aqG;aEG;jcif;omjzpfonf/
wjcm;olrsm;udk erlem ray;? rdrdudk,fom erlemtaejzifh ajymjy&rnfqdkvsif? pufrSKwuúodkvfrSbGJU&jyD; tpdk;&tvkyf vkyfudkif&ef&nf&G,fcsuf&Sdaomfvnf; zcifrS tpdk;&tvkyfvkyfudkifvnf; ywf0ef;usifrS vmbfvmb,laqmifMuD;yGm;rSKrsm;udk yg0ifoGm;um rw&m;aom MuD;yGm;rSKrsdK; rvdktyfaomaMumifh tpkd;&tvkyfvkyfjcif;udk wm;jrpfonf/ xdkaMumifh uRefawmfonf ,m,DtoufarG;0rf;ausmif;tjzpf usK&Sifq&mb0jzifh rdrd0rf;udk ausmif;cJh&onf/ oifMum;xm;aom ynm&yfrsm;udk rSefuefpGm tokH;rcsEdkifcJh/ xdkrSwqifh rdrd\MudK;pm;tm;xkwfrSKaMumifh bGJUvGefudk EdkifiHjcm; wuúodkvfwpfckwGif paumfvm;&Spfjzifh tcrJh ynmoifMum;EdkifcJhjyD; jrefrmEdkifiHwGuf qufvufaexdkifygu rnfodkUrQ rodEdkifonfh ynm&yfrsm;udk EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfrsm;wGif vG,fvifhwulavhvmEdkifcJhygonf/
odkUaomf xdkynm&yfrsm;udk rdrdEdkifiHtwGuf jyefvnftokH;csEdkif&ef jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;ü zefwD;xm;onfh tajctaeywf0ef;usifr&Sd? tu,fí rdrdonfjrefrmEdkifiHudk jyefvnfaus;Zl;jyKvdkí jyefa&muf&Sdygu rdrduRrf;usifaom vkyfief;&yfrsm;r&Sdojzifh i,fpOfu jyKvkyfcJhaom usK&Sifq&mb0udk jyefvnfa&muf&Sdum rdrdwwfajrSmufxm;aom twwfynm&yfrsm;udk pwdkcef;xJ odrf;xm;&onf b0om jyefvnfa&muf&SdEdkifayonf/
odkUayrJhvnf; EkdifiHjcm;wGif xGufívkyfudkifaeaom jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;tzdkU rdrduJhodkU EdkifiHjcm;wGif a&&S nfaeEdkifolrsm;om r[kwfyJ ,m,Dygrpfrsm;jzifh aexdkifolrSm 60-80 &mESKef;txd&Sdum xdkuJhodkU jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;jyefvnfa&muf&Sdygu atmufyg tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;vnf; jrefrmEdkifiHodkU&&SdEdkifygonf/
(1) tcsdef\wefzdk;udk em;vnfjcif;ESifh tvkyfcsdefwGif rdrdtm;ay;tyfxm;aom tvkyfudk aocsmpGmvkyfudkifEdkifjcif;? (EdkifiHjcm;wGif tvkyfvkyfudkifcJhjcif; tusdK;aus;Zl; )
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;t&Sd tpdk;&tvkyftyg0if wcsdKUaom tvkyfrsm;rSm tvkyfcsdef wpfaeU (eHeuf 10 em&DrS 4 em&DtwGif; ) 6em&DcefUtwGif; xrif;pm;csdef vbuf&nfaomufcsdef rsm;udk ESKwfvdkufygu 4em&DcefUom&Sdonf? xdk 4em&DtwGif; vlwpfa,muf\ tcsdefqGJvkyfudkifrSKaMumifh 3 em&DcefUomjzpfayvdrfhrnf/ tvkyfrjyD;pD;yguvnf; aemufwaeU vkyfvdkU&wmyJ[k tcsdefqGJvkyfudkifvdkpdwf? rsm; wm0ef,lrSKr&Sdjcif;rsm;udk ae&mawmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif 70-80 &mcdkifESKef;cefUawGUae&onf/
(2) vlwpfOD;csif;pD\ wm0ef,lrSK pdwf"gwf? uwdpum;\ wefzdk; udkem;vnfoGm;jcif;/
(3) EdkifiH&yfjcm;rS &&Sdvmaom tvkyfxJrS ynm&yfrsm; ESifh pDrHcefUcGJrSKrsm;
tenf;qkH; jrefrmEdkifiHwGif; awav*sydk; vbuf&nfqdkifxdkif tcsdefjzKef;aeolwpfa,muf EdkifiHjcm;wGif tvkyfvkyfjyD; jyefvmygu tedrfqkH; *a[awmh aqmfwwf? tcsdefESifh aiGaMu;t0iftxGufudkawmh pDppfoGm;wwfygonf/
(4) EdkifiH&yfjcm;rSm tvkyfvkyfaeolrsm;rSm rdrdEdkifiHodkU jyefydkUaom aiGrsm;jyefvnf&&Sd jcif;?
ta&SUawmif tm&SrSm EdkifiH&yfjcm;udk oGm;a&muftvkyfvkyfudkifaewJholawGxJrSm tif'dkeD;&Sm; eJU zdvpfydkifvlrsdK;wdkUu trsm;qkH;yg/ olwdkUwpfawG olwdkUEdkifiHudk jyefvnfydkUaqmifwJh aiGu wpfESpfudk 1.5 bDvd,ef pD&SdMuygonf/ xdkEdkifiHrsm;u w&m;0ifaiGaMu; ydkUaqmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;&SdaomaMumifh EdkifiHjcm;wGif vkyfudkifí&&Sdaom aiGrsm;udk rdrdwkdUrdom;pkrsm;twGuf jyefvnfydkUaqmifay;aeMuonf/ EdkifiHjcm;odkU xGufítvkyfvkyfudkifaom jrefrmrsm;onf zDvpfydkif tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiHrsm;uJhodkU wpfESpfvsif 1.5 bDvD,efcefUr&Sdaomfvnf; tenf;qkH; tar&duefa':vm oef; 300 eD;yg;cefU&Sdrnf[k cefUrSef;rdonf/ odkUaomfvnf; jrefrmEdkifiH\ acwfrrSDaom enf;vrf;rrSefaom bPfpepfrsm;aMumifh xdkaiGrsm;onf w&m;r0ifaomvrf;aMumif;odkU a&muf&SdoGm;onf/ xdkaMumifh jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&taejzifh xdkaiGrsm;udk rSefrSefuefuef jzpfatmif cdkifrmaomvrf;aMumif;wpfck wnfaqmuf&ef trSeftuefvkdtyfvsuf&Sdygonf/
xdktjyif EdkifiHjcm;a&muf jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; rdrdrdom;pk0ifrsm;tm; xdkuJhodkU aiGaMu;rsm; jyefvnf ydkUaqmifrSKaMumifh jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;&Sd rdom;pk0ifrsm;\ 0ifaiGwdk;yGm;vmonf/ xdkodkU 0ifaiG wdk;yGm;vmrSKaMumifh xdkrdom;pk0ifrsm;\ aiGokH;pGJrSKaMumifh jrefrmedkifiHtwGif; aiGvnfywfum wdkif;jynf\ pD;yGm;a&;udk wzufwvrf;rSm wdk;wufapEdkifaom tcsuftvufwpfckvJ jzpfygonf/
(4) EdkifiHjcm;wGif tvkyfvkyfudkifaom jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; oufqdkif&moH&kH;rsm;wGif tcGefaiGrsm;udk ay;aqmifjcif;jzifh edkifiH\0ifaiGudk wdk;yGm;apjcif;/
wu,fwrf; jrefrmEdkifiHom;tjzpfodkU ul;ajymif;oGm;olrsm;&JU taMumif;t&if;xJrSm wcktygt0ifjzpfwJh xdktcsufonf ta&;MuD;ygonf/ tcGefESpfxyfay;aqmifjcif;pmcsKyfa&;xdk;xm;aom EdkifiHjzpfonf rjzpfonf cPxm; puFmyla&mufjrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;ay;aqmifaom tcGefaiGyrmPrSm wESpfvsif tar&duefa':vm oef;30 rSm oef;50 twGif;&Sdygonf/ xdkaiGrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHzGHYjzdK;wdk;wufrSKtwGuf twdkif;twmwcktxd vkyfaqmifedkifaom aiGaMu;yrmP wpfcktaeeJU jzpfaumif;jzpfygvdrfhrnf/ odkUaomfvnf; xdkaiG oef;30-50 aiGaMu;yrmPonf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf trSefwu,fa&muf&SdoGm;aom aiGaMu;yrmPjzpfonfvm; rnfolrSrod? ESpfpOf tcGefXmerSvnf; rSefuefaom pm&if;udkvnf; wifjyjcif;r&Sd? tcGefXme ESifh oH&kH; (EdkifiHjcm;a&; 0efMuD;Xme) ESpfckMum;wGif xdkaiGaMu;yrmPonf puúLyg;avxJvGifhouJodkU aysmufuG,foGm;onfvm;rajymwwfay/
(5) EdkifiH&yfjcm;odkUa&muf&SdoGm;aom jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; jrefrmedkifiHodkUvSK'ef;jcif;/
jrefrmvlrsdK;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;jzpfonftavsmuf tvSKtwef;vkyf&mwGif wjcm;EdkifiHrsm;uJhodkU wGefUqkwfjcif;tvsOf;r&SdyJ vSKwef;Muygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh usL;ypfrifbmrsm;udk,fwdkif 2008 ckESpf em*pfrkefwdkif;wdkufcdkufpOfum odef; 130cefUudk rdrdwdkUacR;eJpmrsm;rSm jcpfjcKyfvSK'ef;jcif;? jrefrmrsm;twGuf jrefrmrS 2010 ckESpfwGif odef;aygif;150cefU ausmif;aqmifaqmufvkyfvSL'ef;jcif; ponfwdkUudk vkyfudkifcJhonf/ usK;ypfrifbmrsm; jrefrmrsm;twGuf jrefrmrsm;uJhodkU vlrSKa&;vSL'ef;rSKrsm;omru wjcm;aom vlrSKa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tzGJUrsm;ESifh r[kwfyJ oD;oefUvSK'ef;rSKrsm;rSm wESpfvsif tenf;qkH; usyfaiG odef; 1000 rS 5000 twGif; cefU&Sdayonf/ xdkuJhodkU EdkifiHjcm;a&mufjrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;vSL'ef;rSKonfv nf; wenf;tm;jzifh wdkif;jynftwGif;aiGvnfywfrSKrsm;\ taxmuftyHwcktjzpf wnf&Sdvsuf&Sdaeygonf/
xdkuJhodkU jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; EdkifiH&yfjcm;odkU oGm;a&muf tvkyfvkyfudkifjcif;udk aoaocsmcsm pepfwus pDppfavhvmjcif; tvsif;r&Sd? xdkuJhodkU od&efvdk MudK;pm;tm;xkwf&efvnf; rpOf;pm;aom wm0ef&Sdyk*¾Kdvfrsm; tpdk;& 0efMuD;Xmersm;wGif rsufESm&&ef zm;í owif;pmrsm;wGif a&;om;vsuf&Sdaom t&nftcsif;r&Sd aumfvHpm; uavmif&Sifrsm;udk uRefawmfwdkU EdkifiHjcm;a&muf jrefrmEdkifiHom;ppfppfrsm;rSm tvGeftifrwef pufqkyf&GHUrkef; rdygonf[kom ajymMum;vdkygonf/
armifjcdrfY
8888 ESpfywfvnfaeU trSwfw&/
======================================
quf&ef
jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; EdkifiHom;pGefYypfjcif; taMumif;t&if; ESifh acwfaemufjyefqGJ tawG;ydkif&Sif aumfvHpm; owif;pmorm;rsm;
(,aeU 8888 ESpfywfvnf naewGif qufvuf a&;om;ygrnf/)
udk;um; / Asia Development bank :Workers' Remittance Flows in Southeast Asia
Wikipedia : Philipine worker's remittance.
http://shwenyein.blogspot.com (per kind favor of cupid member sylatt's post #516)
Mr Yoda's Post (#30)
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uRefawmfqufvufa&;om;ajymqdkrnfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;onf vuf&SdjrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&udkwdkufcdkufvdkí taMumif;r&Sd tjypf&Smajymqdkaejcif;r[kwfyg/ wcsdKUaom 0ufbfqdk'frsm;wGif vuf&Sdtpdk;&omru jyD;cJhaom etztzGJUudkyg &dkif;pdkif;pGm tremy qJqdkykwfcwfrSKrsm;udkvnf;awGU&onf/ xdktcg uRefawmfudk,fwdkif pdwfxJraumif;cJh/ uRefawmfonfAk'¨bmom0ifjzpfaomaMumifh Ak'¨\tqkH;trt& z&kó0gqm npfnrf;aompum;udk qdkjcif;onf uRefawmftwGuf oHo&mvnf;raumif;/ udk,fu qJqdkykwfcwfaomfvnf; xdkodkUtajymcH&olu arwåmESifhaomfvnf;aumif; Oayu©mjzifhaomfvnf;aumif; aeygu xdkodkU qJqdkrSKonf udk,fwGifjyefvnfí tusdK;,kwfaprnf[k ,kHMunfrdonf/
EdkifiHwpfEdkifiHtkyfcsKyfonfqdk&mü rdom;pkwpfpktm; tkyfcsKyfjcif;ESifhrwl? rdom;pk odef;aygif;rsm;pGmudk tkyfcsKyf&onf/ tzGJUtpnf;i,fwpfck tkyfcsKyfonfESifhrwl acgif;aqmifvkyfolrSm xdktzGJUtpnf;i,fudkwm0efcH&onf/ xdkaMumifh vuf&Sdtpdk;&udk a0zef&mwGif tjypfawGom ajymqdkjcif;xuf tjyKoabmjzifh trSm;udkvJ axmufjy trSefvrf;udkvnf; wm0ef&Sdjynfolwpfa,muftjzpf tMuHjyKjcif;rsdK;udk t"du OD;wnfa&;om;ygonf/
odkUaomfvnf; tzGJUtpnf;i,fyJjzpfjzpf EdkifiHwpfckyJjzpfjzpf tcGifhta&;vdkcsifí zm;,m;a&;jcif; jyKrljcif;rsdK;udkawmh uRefawmf tvGeftifrwef&GHUrkef;rdonf/ xdkuJodkU zm;íaexdkifolrsm; tvdkawmf&drsm;onf wu,fhwu,fawmh tzGJUtpnf;udk zsufpd;ol EdkifiHudkzsufpD;ol? opömazmufrsm;om trSefwu,fjzpfawmhonf/
,cifydkYpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHom; EdkifiHjcm;wGif tvkyfvkyfudkifaeolrsm;aMumifh EdkifiHtwGuf tusdK;aus;Zl;&SdedkifaMumif; tcsuftvufwcsdKUudk tMurf;zsOf;tm;jzifh axmufjycJhygonf/ uRefawmfaxmufjyaqG;aEG;aom tcsuftvufrsm;xuf ravsmhawmifrS ydkaom tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;&SdEdkifygao;onf/ ,ckydkUpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; wjcm;EdkifiHom;tjzpfodkU rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh ajymif;vJMuonfqdkwmxuf jrefrmEdkifiHom;tjzpfrS wjcm;EdkifiHom; tjzpfodkU rajymif;vJao;aom uRefawmfwdkUtwGuf jrefrmEdkifiH tpdk;&ESifh wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u jrefrmEdkifiHom;tjzpf qufvufwnf&Sdae&ef rnfodkUvkyfudkifrvJ? wjcm;EdkifiHom;tjzpfodkU rajymif;vJoGm;&ef rnfodkU pGJaqmifMurvJqdkwmudk t"du rD;arSmif;xdk;jyvdkygonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHom;tjzpfrS wjcm;EdkifiHom;tjzpfodkUul;ajymif;oGm;olrsm;udk awGUMuKH&oavmuf jrefrmEdkifiHom;tjzpfodkU pGefUcGmoGm;olrsm;udk ar;jrefMunhfrdaomfvnf; edkifiHa&;trSefwu,fvkyfolrsm;u jrefrmEdkifiHodkU jyefygu tzrf;tqD;cH&rnfudkpdk;&drfolrsm;rSm 70 &mcdkifESKef;ESifh txuf&Sdygonf/ wjcm;taMumif;aMumifh EdkifiHom;tjzpfodkUajymif;oGm;olrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHudk rcspfvdkU r[kwf rkef;ívnf;r[kwf rdrdusifvnf&mwGif taumif;qkH;tjzpf&yfwnfEdkif&efqdkonf &nf&G,fcsufjzifhom EdkifiHom;tjzpfudk pGefcGmcJhMuonf/ xdkolrsm;udk MuKHMudKufvdkUar;ygu jrefrmEdkifiHodkU jyefcsifolrsm;omjzpfygonf/ EdkifiHom;tjzpfodkU ul;ajymif;oGm;olrsm;\ wESpfwMudrf ESpfESpfwMudrf olwdkU\ tm;vyf&ufudk tokH;cs&mae&muvnf; jrefrmEdkifiHrS vGJíwjcm;aom EdkifiHudk a&G;cs,frSKuenf;ygonf/
xdkaMumifh EdkifiH&yfjcm;odkUa&mufaeaom jrefrmvlrsdK;rsm;tm;vkH; jrefrmEdkifiHudk cspfolrsm;om jzpfyg\? jrefrmEdkifiHxJaerS jrefrmEdkifiHudkcspfolrsm;r[kwf? vdktyfygu jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf toufpGefU0Holrsm;omjzpfygonf/ EdkifiHawmfumuG,f&ef wyfrawmfxJ0ifí trSKxrf;rS EdkifiHudkcspfolr[kwf? jrefrmvlrsdL;MuD;MuD;i,fi,f EdkifiHudkcspfolrsm;omjzpfygonf/ EdkifiHwpfckqdkonfrSm tpdk;&onfvnf; jynfoltwGuf jynfoklUtusdK;udk Munhfí wm0efxrf;ovdk EdkifiH0efxrf;onfvnf; EdkifiHtwGuf wm0efxrf;onf/ EdkifiHjcm;wGif tvkyfvkyfaeolvnf; olwwfEdkifoavmuf EdkifiHwm0efxrf;&Gufaeolrsm;omjzpfygonf/ wyfrawmfvnf; wyfrawmftavsmuf ynm&Sifvnf; ynm&Siftavsmuf tEkynm&Sifvnf; tEkynm&Siftavsmuf edkifiHwm0efxrf;olrsm;om jzpfygonf/ xdkaMumifh EdkifiHwGif;ü aexdkifoltm;vkH; rnfolrQ ydkí EdkifiHudkydkcspfonf r&Sd EdkifiHom;tm;vkH; edkifiHudkcspfjrwfEdk;Muonf[k yxrOD;pGm ajymqdkvdkygonf/
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